Solar Energy Basics Coursera Quiz Answers

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Solar Energy Basics

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Week- 1

Solar power systems <MATH>

1. Which of these energy sources are both renewable and dispatchable?

Nuclear/Uranium
Solar
Geothermal

Crude oil
Coal
Biomass

Wind
Hydroelectric

2. Electrical efficiency is defined as…

Power in divided by power out
Work created divided by power in
Heat out divided by heat in

Power out divided by power in

3. An air conditioner uses 1200 W and has a typical on-time of 4 hours per day. What is the typical daily energy use for this air conditioner?

3 kWh

4800 kWh
4.8 kWh
300 kWh

480 kWh

4. The output of a photovoltaic panel is measured as 165 W/m² under direct illumination of 860 W/m². What is the panel’s efficiency for converting light to electricity?

19.2%

16.5%
1.65%
21.5%

8.60%

5. What occurs when light strikes a solar panel?

Photons are created

Electrons are created
Electrons move through the circuit
Electrons exchange places with photons

Photons move through the circuit

6. Which components are required for an on-grid PV installation?

Charge controller

Bidirectional meter
Solar panels
Battery

Inverter

7. What factor(s) should be considered when designing a PV system?

Size of available roof or land area

Current electrical usage
Available incentives, credits, and rebates
Amount of annual sunlight

8. An off-grid homeowner currently uses propane for heat and electrical needs. What additional component(s) would be required for the homeowner to switch to PV-based electrical power?

Grid-tie connection
Battery bank

Bi-directional electrical meter
Charge controller

9. Why are inverters required on modern PV systems?

To provide metering for the utility
To convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
To convert light to electricity

To control charge/discharge

10. The National Electrical Code (NEC) in the United States covers all Photovoltaic related topics in …

NEC article 480

NEC article 690
NEC article 445
NEC article 700

11. What advantages might a ground mounted PV system have over a roof mounted system?

The ability to optimize tilt and rotation for geography
Increased roof material lifespan

Shading avoidance
Convenience of maintenance and repair

12. Which PV installation scenario(s) avoid puncturing the surface of a roof?

A barn with a 38º metal roof with raised standing seams
Ballasted array on the flat roof of a commercial building
A 30º shingled roof on a single family home

A pole mounted array in a field

13. Full sun or STC is based on what light intensity in W/m²?Enter answer here

1000

14 What is the correct sequencing of electrical components for an on-grid PV System design, going from an array on a roof to the main electrical panel in the house?

Array – DC Disconnect – Inverter – AC Disconnect – Main Panel
Array – AC Disconnect – Inverter – DC Disconnect – Main Panel
Array – Charge Controller – Inverter – AC Disconnect – Main Panel

Array – DC Disconnect – Inverter – Charge Controller – AC Disconnect – Main Panel

15. You are looking at a module specification sheet that contains the information below. What is the maximum power of this module in Watts to the nearest whole Watt?

Characteristic Value
Cell Type Monocrystalline Si
Cell Configuration 120
Voc 38 V
Isc 8.98 A
Vmp 31.4 V
Imp 8.29 A
Dimensions (mm/in) 1625 x 1020 x 45 mm / 64 ” x 40.1″ x 1.8 “
Weight 20 kg / 44 lbs

Enter answer here

260

16. For the module in question 15, what is the module efficiency as a percent to the nearest 0.1%?

Enter answer here

15.7

17. You see a solar array on the roof of a home in a residential neighborhood. The cells in the modules appear to have a uniform bluish-black color and are rectangular in shape with rounded corners. What type of PV material was most likely used in those solar panels?

Perovskite

Monocrystalline silicon
Polycrystalline silicon
Dye sensitized thin film

Week- 2

Energy needs and sizing a PV system <MATH>

1. A unit for power is:

Volts
Milliamps
Watts

Amps

2. An electrical appliance which operates at 110 volts and 4 amps consumes ___ watts.

440
120
220

3. If PV system is needed that can produce 8000W of electrical power and the overall efficiency of the system is assumed to be 80%, what size system would need to be installed?

10,000W
8000W

9000W
6400W

4. The southern Midwest of the United States has an insolation value of 5.5 full-sun-hours. We would expect Fairbanks, Alaska to have an insolation value that is ___ that of the southern Midwest.

Less than
Greater than
About the same as

5. You are consulting with a home owner about sizing a PV system for their house. They share their utility bill with you that contains the electrical usage table below. What is the total annual electrical energy usage at this location?

Month kWh
December 350
January 420
February 370
March 350
April 320
May 360
June 570
July 950
August 860
September 630
October 605
November 455
December 420
1 point
Enter answer here

6310

6. A 1200 W microwave oven uses 120 V of electricity, how much current (in amps) is the microwave drawing when in use?

Enter answer here

7. A television uses 75 W while in use. Assuming that it is used 4 hours every day, how much energy in kWh would the television consume annually?

Enter answer here

109.5

8. In doing an energy audit of a home you find that both the front and the back porches of the home have overhead light fixtures set on timers. Each porch’s light fixture contains two 40 W incandescent bulbs, and the timers turn the porch lights on for 8 hours every day. If the homeowner replaced the 40 W bulbs with equivalent 4.5 W LED bulbs, how much would the annual energy consumption be reduced in kWh?

Enter answer here

414.640

9. Use the following table for the next 2 questions

Consider the following section of a table from an energy audit in answering the next four questions:

Device Power (W) Device Count Hours of use per day (hours) Days used per year Annual energy (kWh/year)
Light bulbs 60 4 4 350 84
Air conditioner 820 1 8 90 590
Coffee pot 1100 1 .25 350 96
Television 60 2 5 250 150
There is an error in an annual energy calculation, which device’s annual energy value is incorrect?

Air Conditioner
Coffee pot
Television

Light bulbs

10. For the energy audit table in question 9, what is the correct annual energy value, in kWh, for the device with the calculation error?

Enter answer here

336

11. Use the following map of solar resource to answer the next 3 questions. You can also open the Solar Resource Map in a new window to get a larger version. Use the lowest value of the average annual insolation for your calculations.

Based on this insolation map and assuming an 80% system efficiency, how much energy would be produced annually at a home in South Carolina (SC) that has a 6 kW solar array?

Enter answer here

8760

12. Using the solar resource map from question 11, how many more hours of full sun per year would a house in Oregon (OR) located in the area with the highest insolation in the state get than a house located in the lowest insolation area in the Oregon?

1643 full sun hours
2008 full sun hours

1278 full sun hours
548 full sun hours
730 full sun hours

13. Using the solar resource map from question 11, how many full sun hours per day does Michigan (MI) receive on average.

Enter answer here

14. Use the following scenario for the next two questions.

A homeowner in Texas wants to install a solar array that will replace 60% of their annual electrical energy through PV generation. Your energy audit determines their annual load is about 13300 kWh per year, and their home is about as efficient as it can be. How much energy in kWh would need to be produced by the array to meet the homeowner’s target of 60%?Enter answer here

7980

15.
Question 15
For the home in the previous question, what size array (in kW to the nearest tenth 0.1) would be needed to meet their target of 60% of their annual energy if their home receives 2008 full sun hours annually you assume an 85% system efficiency.

Enter answer here

4 .7

16. If you are designing a solar array to have an operating power target of 4.2 kW, and you have selected panels with a 260 W rating, how many panels do you need for the array? (Don’t exceed 4.3 kW system power)Enter answer here

week- 3

The growth of photovoltaic markets

1. Early commercial photovoltaic applications were…

led by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel.

part of the industrial revolution.
for satellites during the space race.
for pocket calculators.

2. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the increased use of photovoltaics between the 1970s and 2017?

Sharp decreases in the supply of the raw material of silicon
Development of small, low power solar cells for calculators and watches

The oil crisis in the late 1970s
NGO programs incentivizing photovoltaic training and installation

3. Looking at electricity use as a whole, about what percentage of all electricity used in the world is produced by photovoltaics?

< 2%
15%
75%
25%

4. Which statement is the most accurate comparison of the development of hydropower, photovoltaics, and wind as energy sources globally?

Growth and investment in all three sources is about equal
Investment in hydropower is overtaking both wind and PV
While wind is stagnant, PV is one of the largest areas for growth, with hydropower coming in second on the renewables side
While hydropower is fairly flat, PV is one of the largest areas for growth, with wind coming in second on the renewables side

5. Ground based photovoltaics have all of the following advantages EXCEPT:

They are integrated into the structure of new buildings
They can be used at sites where habitable structures cannot be placed
They are capable of large utility scale types of installations
They adapt well to tracking technology, allowing them to capture more sunlight

6. On grid photovoltaics

Produce AC electricity directly
Require batteries
Are the most common type of photovoltaic for commercial and residential applications
Don’t require a sine wave inverter

7. Which country has the largest installed capacity of photovoltaics?

Germany
Japan
United States
China

8. In the United States, which form of renewable energy is forecast to have the greatest amount of capacity added between 2025 and 2050?

Wind
Solar
Hydroelectric
Natural gas

9. How much less do modern commercial photovoltaic cells cost per Watt compared to the early PV cells?

$70 per Watt
$98 per Watt
$2 per Watt
$58 per Watt

10. Which energy source currently accounts for the majority of global electricity production?

Fossil Fuels
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Photovoltaics
Wind

11. Which part of the world has the most countries without national and/or state level renewable energy policies?

North America
Asia
Africa
South America

12. As part of an overall installation, in which of the following scenarios would inverters have the highest cost relative to the total cost of the panels?

Microinverters in a residential rooftop solar array
String inverters at a utility scale solar farm
String inverters in a commercial building flat rooftop array
String inverters in a residential rooftop solar array

13. Which of the following is an example of deployable solar?

3 kW system of flexible PV panels that are packaged in large rolls which can be spread out on the ground to power a tent based field station
A 4 kW array on an on-grid house with a battery backup system in case of power outages
A 20 W panel attached to a permanent stop sign with LED lights at a rural road intersection
2 kW system attached to the roof of a barn at a farm that is off the electrical grid

14. The growth of photovoltaic electrical generation in the United States is being driven by what type of new additions?

Deployable PV systems
Residential solar arrays
Utility scale solar farms
Off-grid residential systems

15. Who observed the photovoltaic effect first?

NASA
Bell Labs
Alexandre-Edmund Becquerel
General Electric (GE)

week- 4

Infrastructure of PV <MATH>

1. Safety and oversight of materials produced in the photovoltaics industry is a primary concern of:

Academic institutions
Module manufacturers
Standards organizations
Component manufacturers

2. Standards organizations involved in the safety of photovoltaic equipment include:

The Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The National Electric Code
Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
All of the above

3. Net metering is evaluated on a(n) __ basis to determine the electric bill.

Annual
Monthly
Weekly
Daily

4. Your business leases a satellite location where a photovoltaic system is installed. The electricity is used in your office building 20 miles from the satellite location. When the photovoltaic system produces excess electricity, it offsets the electric bill of your office location. This is an example of:

Net metering
A power purchase agreement
Feed-in tariffs
Remote net metering

5. An arrangement in which an agreement is made between a utility and a user that allows the user to sell back their electricity to a utility for a higher price than retail is an example of

Remote net metering
A power purchase agreement
Feed-in tariffs
Net metering

6. The largest PV certification group in North America is

IEEE
SEIA
NABCEP
UL

7. Which PV related certification is available only for licensed electricians?

UL PV System Installation
NABCEP Associate
NEC
RISE CSRP

8. The NABCEP Associate Program offers exams in:

Photovoltaics
Solar heating
Small wind
All of the above

9. Prerequisites required in order to take the NABCEP certification exam include:

A minimum of 20 hours advanced photovoltaic training with a minimum of 10 hours covering advanced topics on installation principles and practices
A minimum of 100 hours of advanced photovoltaic training with a minimum of 80 hours covering advanced topics on installation principles and practices
A minimum of 58 hours of advanced photovoltaic training with a minimum of 40 hours covering advanced topics on installation principles and practices
A minimum of 200 hours of advanced photovoltaic training with a minimum of 100 hours covering advanced topics on installation principles and practices

10. What types of organizations are involved in research related to photovoltaics?

Academic Institutions
Commercial Businesses
Governmental Organizations

11. Which of the following jobs related photovoltaics are in the top 3 most difficult for employers to fill?

Installers
Sales professionals
Manufacturing line workers
Accountants

12. As a homeowner, in which of the following PV financial models is it impossible to ever make a profit?

Leasing
PPA
Feed-in Tariff
Remote net metering
Net metering

13. Which financial model for PV has been used to encourage early adoption of the technology through a long term contract to buy the electricity from system owners at an incentivized rate?

Leasing
Feed-in Tariffs
PPA
Net metering

14. SEIA, the Solar Energy Industries Association promotes the solar industry and advocates on behalf of the industry. They are an example of what type of stakeholder in the PV field?

Standards Organization
Research Institution
Trade organization
Manufacturer

15. You’re designing a PV system for a homeowner in a state that allows production of up to 110% of the total annual energy usage in a net metering financial model. A homeowner wants a system installed that will produce the maximum amount allowed each year. If the annual energy usage is 8500 kWh, and the average solar energy is 4.5 kWh/m²/day, what size system would need to be installed if the efficiency for the system is 85%?