A Dean at a local university is concerned that male and female faculty in her school are not being paid equally for holding the same rank of professor. She assembles a dataset of the salaries for all of the faculty in her school and asks you to analyze the data to see if there is a difference in salaries that can be explained by gender after controlling for various differences between faculty.

A Dean at a local university is concerned that male and female faculty in her school are not being paid equally for holding the same rank of professor. She assembles a dataset of the salaries for all of the faculty in her school and asks you to analyze the data to see if there is a difference in salaries that can be explained by gender after controlling for various differences between faculty.

What type of analysis needed to address this question?