You read the following statement from an educational reformer in a popular magazine:

You read the following statement from an educational reformer in a popular magazine:

“I’ve visited many schools and I always notice that the best students hang out together. That’s why I tell parents that their children should interact with other high achievers. In brief, I tell them: if your child hangs out with smart kids, she’ll become smart.”

What two effects from this course is this reformer conflating?